A: Security's Duties In Peacetime:

Insure the security of all crew on the ship or station

Security personnel don't carry guns at all times is because at regular intervals throughout the ship there are "Weapons Lockers", which contain a few hand phasers and TR-110 Handguns and a few spare power cells and pistol clips. Only when they are on duty they carry a type 2 Phaser when at yellow/red alert they report to their nearest muster oint and then patrol from point to point, armed with rifles, either phaser or ballistic, depending on the threat.   If you are in a main area of the ship (ie a Corridor, Lab, Office, or regularly used area) then you will never be more than five metres from a Locker. If you are in a Secondary area, like a Jeffries Tube then you are about 20m from the nearest locker, for example they are mounted in junctures in the Jeffries Tubes.

There are also "Heavy Lockers" which carry Phaser Rifles and TR-116 Rifles, with spare power cells and 116 Mags, situated at Security Mustering points, of which there are usually 4-5 per deck, depending on the size of the vessel. (Remember the TNG movie First Contact)

The Weapons Locker can be accessed via a thumbprint and voice activation by ANY member of Starfleet personnel.

Maintain readiness for times of action  

Play the part of Investigator in any crimes that may happen insofar as:
 

1. All persons are innocent until proven guilty

2. The crime scene should be blocked off until proper investigation of the scene can take place to prevent contamination of the evidence

3. All potential witnesses or suspects are entitled to council during questioning.

4. All Starfleet personnel are entitled to a fair and impartial hearing by way of a court martial pending the outcome of the investigation

  Man the Tactical station on the Bridge and respond to any threats insofar as:

1. All unknown targets are to be hailed and asked to give identification

2. No action is to be taken against potentially hostile targets without the direct orders of the CO, FO or officer in charge unless the ship is in clear and present danger.

a. Clear and Present danger is defined as: Your post is under attack and will be destroyed without rapid and legally defendable action. Or other Starfleet vessels, stations or holdings(colonies, protectorates) are under attack and will perish without definite and legally defendable action.

To go on any away teams that the captain orders insofar as:

1. Ensure the safety of the away team to all ends but for breaking the prime directive or killing the natives

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